PUBLIC POLICY FROM A PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE : A LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
Adaptive Bureaucratic Reform, Governance, Policy Evaluation, Governance, Policy ImplementationAbstract
This article analyses public policy from the perspective of contemporary public administration, which is faced with a paradigm shift from government to governance. The critical issue raised is the gap between policy design and implementation, which is exacerbated by weak bureaucratic capacity, resistance from officials, and the complexity of social dynamics in the era of digital disruption. This study aims to address two fundamental problems: first, the limitations of policy evaluation methodologies dominated by descriptive qualitative approaches, and second, the negative interaction between slow bureaucracy and socio-economic inequality, which widens the gap in administrative effectiveness between regions. Using a systematic literature review of selected articles from Google Scholar (2021-2025), this study identifies three main interrelated obstacles: structural-bureaucratic, methodological-evaluative, and social-accessibility. Key findings indicate that these three constraints form a cycle of dysfunction that hinders policy effectiveness. As a contribution and follow-up, this article recommends an integrative solution in the form of applying a mixed-methods policy evaluation model for more objective impact measurement and adaptive bureaucratic reform strategies, which focus on increasing the capacity of disadvantaged regions through meaningful autonomy, improving the competence of civil servants, and utilising technology to create more responsive, inclusive, and equitable policies
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